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A primary election is an election used either to narrow the field of candidates for a given elective office or to determine the nominees for political parties in advance of a general election. Primary elections can accept several different forms. In a partisan principal, voters select a candidate to be a political political party's nominee for a given office in the corresponding full general election. Nonpartisan primaries are used to narrow the field of candidates for nonpartisan offices in advance of a general ballot. The terms of participation (e.g., whether only registered political party members tin vote in a party's master) in primary elections tin can vary by jurisdiction, political political party, and the part or offices up for ballot. The methods employed to determine the issue of the primary (e.chiliad., plurality systems, bulk systems, top-ii systems, etc.) can also vary by jurisdiction.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • In Pennsylvania, merely registered party members tin can participate in a political party's primary election.

  • In Pennsylvania, the winner of a primary election is the candidate who receives the greatest number of votes, fifty-fifty if he or she does not win an outright majority of votes cast.

    • See the sections below for full general information on the employ of master elections in the United States and specific information on the types of primaries held in Pennsylvania:

    1. Groundwork: This department outlines the dissimilar types of main election participation models used in the United states, including open primaries, closed primaries, semi-closed primaries, and top-two primaries. This section also details the diverse methods employed to determine the outcomes of principal elections.
    2. Primary election systems used in Pennsylvania: This section details the primary election systems employed in Pennsylvania, including primaries for congressional and country-level offices (e.1000., land legislative seats, state executive offices, etc).
    3. Country legislation: This sections lists land legislation relevant to primary ballot policy in Pennsylvania.

    To acquire more about the party primaries that will take identify in Pennsylvania on May 17, 2022, click the links below.

    Democratic Party For more data most Democratic primaries in 2022, click hither.
    Republican Party For more information about Republican primaries in 2022, click here.

    Background

    In general, in that location are ii wide criteria by which primary elections tin can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction:

    1. Terms of participation: In jurisdictions that conduct partisan primaries, who tin can vote in a party's primary? Is participation limited to registered party members, or tin other eligible voters (such as unaffiliated voters or voters belonging to other parties) participate? In general, there are iii bones types of primary election participation models: open primaries, closed primaries, and semi-closed primaries.
    2. Methods for determining the ballot's outcome: What share of the total votes cast does a candidate have to receive in society to advance to the general ballot? Methods for determining principal election outcomes include plurality voting systems, majority voting systems, and meridian-ii primaries.

    For more complete data on these criteria, click "[Evidence more]" below.

    Evidence more

    Terms of participation

    The terms of participation in primary elections vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction (and, sometimes, within a jurisdiction; dissimilar political parties may enforce different participation criteria). In general, there are three basic principal election participation models used in the United states:

    1. Open primaries: An open primary is whatsoever primary election in which a voter either does non have to formally affiliate with a political party in lodge to vote in its primary or can declare his or her affiliation with a party at the polls on the day of the primary even if the voter was previously affiliated with a dissimilar political party.[1] [2]
    2. Airtight primaries: A closed main is whatever primary election in which a voter must chapter formally with a political party in advance in order to participate in that political party's primary.[1] [two]
    3. Semi-closed primaries: A semi-closed principal is 1 in which previously unaffiliated voters can participate in the chief of their choosing. Voters who previously affiliated with a party who did not modify their affiliations in advance cannot vote in another party's chief.[one] [2]

    Methods for determining the election's event

    Methods for tallying votes to determine a primary election's outcome include the following:

    1. Plurality voting system: In plurality systems, the candidate who wins the largest share of the vote wins the election. The candidate need not win an outright majority to be elected. These systems are sometimes referred to as first-past-the-postal service or winner-take-all.[iii] [iv]
    2. Majority voting system: In bulk systems, a candidate must win more than 50 percent of the vote in social club to win the election. In the issue that no candidate wins an outright majority, a runoff election is held between the acme two vote-getters. For this reason, majority systems are sometimes referred to as two-round systems. Ranked-choice voting is a specific type of majority voting system that may also be used in primary elections.[three] [4]
    3. Peak-two primaries: A top-two primary is one in which all candidates are listed on the same primary ballot election; the elevation ii vote-getters, regardless of their partisan affiliations, advance to the full general ballot. Consequently, it is possible that 2 candidates belonging to the aforementioned party could win in a superlative-ii primary and face off in the general election. A summit-two primary should not be dislocated with a blanket master. In a blanket primary, all candidates are listed on the same primary ballot; the top vote-getter from each party participating in the primary advances to the full general election.[2] [5] [6]

    Master election systems used in Pennsylvania

    Congressional and land-level elections

    In 22 states, at to the lowest degree one political party utilizes open primaries to nominate partisan candidates for congressional and state-level (e.k. state legislators, governors, etc.) offices. In 15 states, at least i political party utilizes airtight primaries to nominate partisan candidates for these offices. In 14 states, at least 1 party utilizes semi-closed primaries. In two (California and Washington), top-2 primaries are utilized.[7]

    Pennsylvania law stipulates that parties conduct airtight primaries, meaning only registered political party members can participate in a political party'south chief election. Winners in chief contests are determined by plurality vote.[ane] [2] [8] [nine]

    The tabular array below lists Pennsylvania offices for which parties must carry primary elections to nominate their candidates.

    Elective offices for which parties must conduct primaries to nominate general ballot candidates
    Office Number of seats
    Governor of Pennsylvania one
    Pennsylvania Attorney General 1
    Pennsylvania Treasurer 1
    Pennsylvania State Auditor one
    State legislators 253
    United States Representatives eighteen
    United States Senators two

    State legislation and election measures

    Main systems legislation

    The following is a listing of recent main election systems bills that accept been introduced in or passed past the Pennsylvania state legislature. To larn more almost each of these bills, click the pecker championship. This information is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.

    Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.

    Primary systems ballot measures

    See also: Elections and campaigns on the ballot and Listing of Pennsylvania election measures

    Since 2017, Ballotpedia has tracked no ballot measures relating to master elections in Pennsylvania.

    Run across too

    • Electoral systems in Pennsylvania
    • Voting in Pennsylvania
    • Chief election

    External links

    • National Briefing of State Legislatures, "State Chief Ballot Types"
    • FairVote, "Primaries"

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 one.1 1.two 1.3 FairVote, "Who Can Vote in Congressional Primaries," accessed August 17, 2017
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.one 2.two 2.three two.4 National Briefing of State Legislatures, "Land Primary Election Types," July 21, 2016
    3. ↑ iii.0 3.one FairVote, "Electoral Systems," accessed July vii, 2017
    4. ↑ iv.0 4.1 Georgetown University, "Electoral Systems," accessed July 7, 2017
    5. ↑ Encyclopedia Brittanica, "Chief Election," accessed January 13, 2016
    6. ↑ Louisiana utilizes a 2-round electoral system in which the names of all eligible candidates are printed on the general ballot election. If a candidate wins more than fifty per centum of the vote in the general election, he or she is elected. If no candidate wins an outright majority in the general election, a runoff ballot is held between the pinnacle 2 vote-getters. This system is sometimes referred to as a jungle principal or majority electoral system. In Nebraska's nonpartisan state legislature employs a meridian-2 primary system in which the top 2 vote-getters in the primary face off in the general election.
    7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named airtight
    8. ↑ Pennsylvania Legislature, "Section 1725," accessed Baronial 26, 2017

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